With reference to the Medieval India, consider the following statements:
1. Muhammad Shah defeated Bukka I of Vijayanagar.
2. Taj ud-Din Firuz Shah defeated the Deva Raya I of Vijayanagar.
3. Ahmad Shah Al Wali defeated the ruler of Warangal and took over most of its territory.
Which of the statement(s) given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Explanation Statement 1 is correct: Bukka I ruled from 1353 to 1379. He completed the building of the city of Vijayanagar and also added to his empire. He is described in inscriptions as the master of the Eastern, Western and Southern Oceans. He sent a mission to the Emperor of China. He fought against Muhammad Shah and Nujahid Shah of the Bhamani kingdom. As he was defeated, a large Number of Hindus were massacred by the Muslims. Bukka was a liberal-minded ruler. On one occasion, he brought about understanding between the Jains and the Vaishanavas by asking them to worship in their own manner with equal freedom.
Statement 2 is not correct: Taj ud-Din Firuz Shah initially won battles against Vijayanagar in 1398 and 1408 but was defeated by Deva Raya I in 1420. He also expanded towards Berar by defeating the Gond ruler Narsing Rai of Kherla.
Statement 3 is correct: Ahmad Shah Al Wali invaded Warangal, defeated and killed its ruler, and annexed most of its territory. He also shifted the Bahmani capital from Gulbarga to Bidar.
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