Explanation
To bring new land under cultivation, Shivaji introduced the Tagai and Istawa principles, which were designed to help new cultivators and encourage agricultural expansion.
Tagai: This system provided seeds, cattle, and loans to new cultivators to help them start farming. The aim was to encourage more people to take up cultivation of new lands.
Istawa: This principle ensured that the loans or assistance provided to the cultivators were excluded from the tax assessments of the village. This allowed new farmers to begin without the pressure of immediate taxation on the support they received.
Batai and Zamindari – These were Mughal revenue practices. Saranjami and Talavadi – Related more to military-administrative grants, not agricultural development. Kankut – Was a land measurement and revenue assessment system, not specifically aimed at expanding cultivation.
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