Consider the following pairs:
Movement : Leader
1. Vaikom Satyagraha : K.P. Kesava Menon
2. Self-respect movement : Sree Narayan Guru
3. Temple reform movement : E.V. Ramaswamy Naicker
Which of the following pairs given above is/are correctly matched?
(a) 1 only
(b) 1 and 2 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Explanation Statement 1 is correct. The Vaikom satyagraha was the first temple entry movement. It was an attempt to assert the right of low caste Eadiavas and untouchables to use roads near a Travancore temple. It was led by the Ezhava Congress leader T.K. Madhavan, together with Nair Congressmen like K, Kelappan and K.P. Kesava Menon.
Statement 2 is not correct. The Self-Respect Movement was launched in 1925 by E.V. Ramaswamy Naicker, also known as "Periyar".The movement called for social justice, gender equality, and the end of caste oppression.
Statement 3 is not correct. Sree Narayana Guru (1856-1928) led a social reform movement in Kerala, India to allow lower castes into state-operated temples. This movement was part of a larger effort to promote social equality and spiritual enlightenment. This came to be known as the Temple Reform movement.
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