With reference to the Jain Tirthankaras, consider the following statements:
1. The first of these teachers was Risabhadeva and the last was Mahavira.
2. Five doctrines of Jainism were propounded by Mahavira.
3. Parshvnath started the practice of admitting women in the Sangha.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 1 and 2 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 2 and 3 only
Explanation Statement 1 is correct:The first of these teachers was Rsabhadeva and the last was Vardhamana, also known as Mahavira (the Great Hero). Jina is the common name given to the twenty four teachers (tirthankaras), because they have conquered all passions (raga and dvesa) and have attained liberation.
Statement 2 is not correct: Jainism teaches five fundamental doctrines:
Ahimsa (Non-violence) – Do not commit violence.
Satya (Truthfulness) – Do not tell a lie.
Asteya (Non-stealing) – Do not steal.
Aparigraha (Non-possessiveness) – Do not hoard.
Brahmacharya (Celibacy) – Observe continence.
It is believed that the first four doctrines were adopted by Mahavira, the 24th Tirthankara, from earlier Jain teachings, particularly those of Parshvanatha, the 23rd Tirthankara. The fifth vow, Brahmacharya (celibacy), was introduced by Mahavira, making Jain ascetic practices stricter and more disciplined.
Statement 3 is not correct: Mahavira organised the Sangha to spread his teachings. He admitted both men and women in the Sangha, which consisted of both monks and lay followers. The rapid spread of Jainism was due to the dedicated work of the members of the Sangha.
Statement 1 is correct:The first of these teachers was Rsabhadeva and the last was Vardhamana, also known as Mahavira (the Great Hero). Jina is the common name given to the twenty four teachers (tirthankaras), because they have conquered all passions (raga and dvesa) and have attained liberation.
Statement 2 is not correct: Jainism teaches five fundamental doctrines:
Ahimsa (Non-violence) – Do not commit violence.
Satya (Truthfulness) – Do not tell a lie.
Asteya (Non-stealing) – Do not steal.
Aparigraha (Non-possessiveness) – Do not hoard.
Brahmacharya (Celibacy) – Observe continence.
It is believed that the first four doctrines were adopted by Mahavira, the 24th Tirthankara, from earlier Jain teachings, particularly those of Parshvanatha, the 23rd Tirthankara. The fifth vow, Brahmacharya (celibacy), was introduced by Mahavira, making Jain ascetic practices stricter and more disciplined.
Statement 3 is not correct: Mahavira organised the Sangha to spread his teachings. He admitted both men and women in the Sangha, which consisted of both monks and lay followers. The rapid spread of Jainism was due to the dedicated work of the members of the Sangha.
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