Genetics

Choose the Correct Answer

Correct Answer : Option b

Explanation
RNA interference (RNAi) is a biological process in which RNA molecules inhibit gene expression or translation by neutralizing targeted messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules. This technique allows scientists to “mute” specific genes, preventing the production of proteins that may cause diseases or undesirable traits in plants.

Option (b) is correct: The discovery of RNAi has significantly impacted agriculture, especially in developing disease-resistant crops. By silencing the genes responsible for vulnerability to pathogens, scientists can enhance a plant’s natural defense mechanisms. For example, in papaya, RNAi has been used to combat the Papaya Ringspot Virus (PRSV), which previously devastated crops. Similarly, RNAi has been applied in potatoes to reduce susceptibility to late blight, a disease caused by Phytophthora infestans.
RNAi technology is also being explored to control insect pests. For instance, genetically modified crops like Bt cotton and maize use RNAi to silence essential genes in pests, leading to their death while reducing the need for chemical pesticides.
Other applications of RNAi in agriculture include improving crop yield, enhancing nutritional content, and even addressing food allergens. However, its most significant impact remains in creating disease-resistant plants, ensuring better crop productivity and food security.