Consider the following subjects:
1. Finance
2. Law and order
3. Education
4. Public Health
5. Land revenue
Which of the above were categorised as ‘reserved subjects’ under the system of diarchy?
(a) 1,2 and 3 only
(b) 1,2 and 5 only
(c) 3,4 and 5 only
(d) 1 and 2 only
Explanation Item 1 is correct: According to the Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms (Government of India Act, 1919), Finance is classified as a reserved subject. This means it remained under the direct control of the Governor, who administered it through an executive council of bureaucrats.
Item 2 is correct: Law and Order is also a reserved subject, meaning it remained under the control of the Governor as part of the executive council's responsibilities. The system of dyarchy maintained that subjects like law and order were not transferred to the ministers.
Item 3 is not correct: Education is classified as a transferred subject, not a reserved one. Under the dyarchy system, it was managed by ministers responsible to the legislative councils.
Item 4 is not correct: Like education, Public Health was also a transferred subject. It was managed by the elected ministers, not under the direct control of the Governor.
Item 5 is correct: Land Revenue is another reserved subject. It was directly under the control of the Governor, administered through the executive council, and was not a transferred subject.
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