Explanation Statement 1 is correct: Shivaji Maharaj introduced a Ryotwari system, establishing direct contact between the state and the peasants, thereby reducing the power of intermediaries like Deshmukhs and Jagirdars. This approach ensured a more efficient and fair revenue collection process.
Statement 2 is not correct: The Chauth was a 25% levy on the revenue or produce of regions not directly under Maratha rule. It functioned as a form of tribute extracted from neighboring territories in exchange for protection against external threats or to avoid Maratha incursions. Therefore, it was not imposed on lands directly governed by the Marathas
Statement 3 is correct: Under Shivaji Maharaj's administration, the land revenue system was meticulously structured to ensure fairness and efficiency. Initially, peasants were required to pay one-third (33%) of their agricultural produce as tax. This rate was later increased to 40%, reflecting adjustments in fiscal policies. The system emphasized direct interaction between the state and cultivators, effectively reducing the influence of intermediaries and aiming to protect peasants from potential exploitation.
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