Consider the following statements:
1. The 1st Anglo-Sikh war was fought after the death of Ranjit Singh.
2. Treaty of Amritsar was signed between Britishers and Ranjit Singh.
3. The Sutlej River formed western boundary of the Punjab kingdom in the 18th century.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Explanation Statement 1 is correct. The First Anglo-Sikh War (1845–1846) occurred after the death of Ranjit Singh in 1839, marking instability in the Sikh Empire. Internal divisions and weak leadership led to British-Sikh tensions. The war ended with the Treaty of Lahore, reducing Sikh sovereignty and bringing the British closer to annexing Punjab.
Statement 2 is correct. The Treaty of Amritsar (1809) was signed between Ranjit Singh and the British East India Company. It established the Sutlej River as the boundary, preventing Ranjit Singh’s expansion southward. In return, the British recognized his rule over Punjab, securing their position in India while maintaining peace with the Sikh Empire.
Statement 3 is correct. In the late 18th century, the Sutlej River formed the western boundary of Punjab, separating it from British territories. Under Ranjit Singh, the Sikh Empire expanded westward beyond the Sutlej, incorporating Multan, Peshawar, and Kashmir, establishing a powerful and unified state before British encroachment in the 19th century
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