Medieval Indian History

Choose the Correct Answer

Correct Answer : Option c

Explanation
Statement 1 is correct: Muhammad bin Tughlaq's token currency experiment, which involved issuing copper and brass coins that could be exchanged for silver, was influenced by Mongol practices in China. The Mongols, under the leadership of the Yuan dynasty, had experimented with paper currency, and Muhammad bin Tughlaq's token currency experiment in India was inspired by similar practices. However, the experiment failed in India due to issues with counterfeit currency and public distrust.

Statement 2 is correct: Muhammad bin Tughlaq's policy of promoting an egalitarian approach and appointing Hindus to high administrative positions is believed to be influenced by the Mongol ruler Chinggis Khan's "Yassa" code. The Mongols were known for incorporating people from various ethnic backgrounds into their administrative system, and this was reflected in Tughlaq's inclusive approach. Muhammad bin Tughlaq’s policies were aimed at unifying the diverse population under his rule, much like the Mongol traditions of ethnic and religious inclusivity in governance.

Statement 3 is correct: Firoz Tughlaq’s move to make Iqtas (land grants) hereditary was influenced by the Mongol ruler Ghazan Khan, who implemented similar reforms in his empire. Ghazan Khan had made military commands and administrative posts hereditary in his realm. Similarly, Firoz Tughlaq attempted to make Iqtas hereditary to secure loyalty and stabilize his rule by granting long-term control over territories to his military officers and administrators. This reform is seen as influenced by Mongol practices.