Consider the following statements:
1. Mahatma Gandhi founded an Ambulance Corps in the Anglo-Boer War of 1899-1902
2. In 1904, Mahatma Gandhi founded the Phoenix Settlement in Durban to prepare satyagrahis.
Which of the statement(s) given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
Explanation
Statement 1 is correct: Mahatma Gandhi founded an Ambulance Corps of around 1100 volunteers in support of the British in the Anglo-Boer War of 1899-1902. He thought that support for the British would translate into better conditions for Indians in Transvaal and South Africa in general. His hopes, however, were belied.
Statement 2 is not correct: In 1904, Mahatma Gandhi established the Phoenix Settlement in Durban. This was intended to serve as a model for community living and self-reliance, based on simplicity and equality. On the other hand, in 1910, Gandhi founded the Tolstoy Farm on the outskirts of Johannesburg. This settlement, gifted by his associate Herman Kallenbach, aimed to train satyagrahis (nonviolent resistors) for the struggle against racial discrimination in South Africa.
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