The Chinese pilgrim Xuanzang (Huien Tsang) traveled across India between 629 and 645 CE. Regarding his observations, consider the following statements:
1. Harsha frequently traveled across his kingdom to personally assess the condition of his subjects.
2. Xuanzang described Kannauj under Harsha as a region affected by poverty and illness.
3. He portrayed Harsha as a follower of Hinayana Buddhism.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 1 and 3 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, and 3
Explanation
Xuanzang was a Chinese Buddhist monk, scholar, and traveler who visited India during 629–645 CE during the reign of Harsha. His detailed travelogue, the "Great Tang Records on the Western Regions," provides valuable insights into Indian society, religion, and politics during the early medieval period. He studied at Nalanda University, met various Indian rulers, and documented Buddhist practices, major cities, and historical sites of the time.
Statement 1 is correct: The Chinese traveler Xuanzang (Huien Tsang) recorded that Harsha frequently traveled across his kingdom to oversee administration and ensure the welfare of his subjects. This reflects Harsha’s active role in governance and his dedication to the well-being of his people.
Statement 2 is not correct: Xuanzang does not mention poverty or illness in Kannauj under Harsha. Instead, he describes Kannauj as a prosperous and peaceful city, highlighting its cultural and economic flourishing during Harsha’s reign. His accounts present a positive image of the kingdom’s administration and stability.
Statement 3 is not correct: Harsha was a patron of Mahayana Buddhism, not Hinayana Buddhism. Xuanzang notes that Harsha actively supported Mahayana Buddhist institutions and promoted Buddhist teachings, reflecting the dominance of Mahayana Buddhism during his rule.
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