Explanation Item 1 is correct: The moneylenders were one of the chief targets of the villagers’ attacks during the Revolt of 1857. They were naturally hostile to the uprising as they faced significant threats and violence from the rebels. This hostility prevented them from joining or supporting the Revolt.
Item 2 is correct: Modern educated Indians did not support the Revolt of 1857. They were alienated by the rebels’ appeals to superstition and their opposition to progressive social measures. Moreover, they mistakenly believed that British rule would lead to the modernisation of India, which they saw as the path forward, while the rebels' actions appeared to them as regressive.
Item 3 is correct: The zamindars of Bengal remained loyal to the British during the Revolt. They were, after all, a creation of British policies, and they feared losing their privileged position. Furthermore, the hostility of peasants in Bihar towards their zamindars further frightened the Bengal zamindars, compelling them to support British rule.
Item 4 is correct: Many Rajput rulers, such as the Raja of Jodhpur, remained loyal to the British during the Revolt. Fearful of British might and concerned about their own power, they provided active support to the British in suppressing the uprising.
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