Consider the following statements regarding the consolidation efforts of Ghiyas Shah:
1. His reign is marked by territorial conquests and military expansion into Gujarat.
2. Ghiyas Shah adopted a policy of peace avoiding major confrontations except a conflict with Mewar in 1473.
3. He focused on strengthening internal administration rather than expanding external territories.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 3 only
(d) 1, 2, and 3
Explanation Statement 1 is not correct: Ghiyas Shah, who ruled Malwa from 1469 to 1500, did not focus primarily on territorial expansion into Gujarat. Instead, his reign was marked by a more defensive and internal consolidation approach. While there were some military activities, there was no significant expansion into Gujarat during his time.
Statement 2 is correct: Ghiyas Shah is known for his policy of relative peace and stability. Unlike many other rulers of the time who pursued aggressive expansion, Ghiyas Shah focused on consolidating his power within Malwa and avoiding major confrontations. The conflict with Mewar in 1473 is one of the few significant military engagements during his reign.
Statement 3 is correct: Ghiyas Shah is known for strengthening the internal administration of Malwa rather than pursuing aggressive territorial expansion. His efforts were primarily directed toward maintaining internal stability and ensuring efficient governance, rather than engaging in large-scale military conquests.
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