In the context of the administration system under Sher Shah Suri, consider the following statements:
1. The noble appointed as the in-charge of a sarkar was vested with unlimited powers.
2. Officials who failed in their duties were subject to punishment.
3. The shiqqdar held responsibility for the administration of the pargana.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 2 only
(b) 3 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1 and 3 only
Explanation Statement 1 is not correct: Sher Shah Suri's administration system was meticulously organized, with a hierarchy designed to maintain order and efficiency. The nobles appointed as in-charge of the sarkar or wilayat were not granted unlimited powers. Their actions were closely monitored, and royal farmans directed their duties and implementations. Spies kept the king informed about their conduct, ensuring accountability.
Statement 2 is correct: In Sher Shah Suri's administration, officials who failed in their duties were subject to severe punishment, as demonstrated by the dismissal and imprisonment of Khizr Turk, the governor of Bengal, for acting independently without Sher Shah's permission.
Statement 3 is correct: The shiqqdar was in-charge of the pargana. The shiqqdar was responsible for the administration of the pargana, particularly for revenue collection. Sher Shah frequently transferred shiqqdars to prevent misuse of power. To assist in maintaining records, two karkuns (clerks) were appointed to keep documentation in both Hindi and Persian. The munsif, directly appointed by the king, handled land measurement, while the qanungo, a hereditary semi-official, maintained records at the pargana level. The fotadar was entrusted with the treasury of the pargana, ensuring financial stability within the administrative structure.
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