Consider the following statements with respect to alluvial soils:
1. Khadar consists of younger deposits from the floodplains.
2. Bhangar is composed of calcareous deposits called kankar.
3. Bhangar is more fertile than Khadar as it is rich in minerals and organic matter.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 and 2
(b) 2 and 3
(c) 1 and 3
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Explanation Statement 1 is correct: The newer, younger deposits of the flood plains are called khadar. They are renewed almost every year and so are fertile, thus, ideal for intensive agriculture.
Statement 2 is correct: Bhangar is the region of the northern plain formed by older alluvium. It is found above the river floodplains and has a terrace-like structure. This area also contains kankar (calcareous nodules), which decreases its fertility.
Statement 3 is not correct: Khadar is more fertile than Bhangar.
Khadar soil is the newer, younger alluvium deposited by rivers during annual floods in the floodplains. Since it is renewed every year, it remains rich in minerals and organic matter, making it highly fertile. Bhangar soil is the older alluvium, found above flood levels. Over time, it has undergone weathering and leaching, making it less fertile than Khadar. It also contains kankar (calcareous nodules), which reduces its fertility.
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