During El Nino
1. Indonesia experiences drought
2. Western Pacific experiences drop in air pressure
3. Eastern Pacific experiences warm surface temperature
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1,2 and 3
Explanation
El Niño is a climate phenomenon characterized by the warming of sea surface temperatures in the central and eastern Pacific Ocean, disrupting normal weather patterns across the globe.
Statement 1 is correct: Normally, trade winds push warm water toward Indonesia and Australia, bringing heavy rainfall. During El Niño, these trade winds weaken or reverse, causing reduced convection and rainfall over Indonesia, leading to drought.
Statement 2 is correct: Normally, the Western Pacific (Indonesia, Australia) has low pressure, and the Eastern Pacific (South America) has high pressure, driving the Walker Circulation.During El Niño, this pressure pattern weakens or even reverses, causing the Western Pacific to experience higher pressure and the Eastern Pacific to experience lower pressure. So, a drop in air pressure in the Western Pacific is a defining characteristic of El Niño.
Statement 3 is correct: Normally, cold upwelling near the coast of South America keeps the eastern Pacific cool. During El Niño, this upwelling weakens, allowing warm waters to accumulate in the Eastern Pacific, raising sea surface temperatures.
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