Consider the following statements:
1. Antecedent streams are those which originated prior to the upliftment of land surface.
2. Antecedent streams maintain their courses by continuously downcutting their valleys.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
Explanation Statement 1 is correct: Antecedent streams are rivers or streams that existed before the surrounding land was uplifted (for example, before the formation of mountains or uplands). These rivers formed their courses on a flat or gently sloping landscape. When tectonic forces caused the land to rise, the streams did not change their courses; instead, they continued to flow along their original paths, adapting to the new topography.
Statement 2 is correct: Once the land is uplifted, antecedent streams continue to flow along their original paths, cutting through the rising landscape. The process of downcutting refers to the erosion of the streambed or valley floor, where the stream carves deeper into the land to maintain its course.
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