Waste Management

Choose the Correct Answer

Correct Answer : Option a

Explanation
Plasma gasification is an advanced waste treatment technology that uses extremely high temperatures (3000°C or more) generated by plasma torches to break down waste into its basic molecular components. Unlike traditional incineration, which burns waste in oxygen, plasma gasification does not involve combustion—instead, it thermally decomposes waste into valuable byproducts.

Key Features of Plasma Gasification
● Production of Syngas: The process converts waste into synthesis gas (syngas), mainly composed of hydrogen (H2) and carbon monoxide (CO), which can be used for electricity generation or converted into fuels.

● Reduction of Waste Volume: Plasma gasification significantly reduces landfill dependence by converting solid waste into vitrified slag, a glass-like, non-toxic material that can be used in construction.

● Lower Emissions than Incineration: Since it operates in a controlled oxygen environment, plasma gasification emits fewer pollutants compared to traditional incineration, though some residues still require further treatment.

● Applicable to Various Waste Types: It can process municipal solid waste (MSW), hazardous waste, industrial waste, and even biomass, making it a versatile waste management solution.

Other not correct options:
● Option (b) is not correct because plasma gasification does not burn waste instead, it converts it into usable energy sources.
● Option (c) is not correct since plasma gasification works at extreme temperatures, not low temperatures, and does not produce biofertilizers.
● Option (d) is not correct as some gaseous emissions and residues still require treatment, although they are significantly lower than traditional incineration.