Which of the following statements is/are correct regarding the Ecological succession?
1. Pioneer species are present in primary succession while it is absent in secondary succession.
2. The species that dominate the final stage of ecological succession, known as the pioneer species.

Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2

Question

Which of the following statements is/are correct regarding the Ecological succession?
1. Pioneer species are present in primary succession while it is absent in secondary succession.
2. The species that dominate the final stage of ecological succession, known as the pioneer species.

Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2

ONLiNE UPSC · Accepted Answer

Statement 1 is not correct: Pioneer species are present in both primary and secondary succession.
●  In primary succession, pioneer species include lichens and mosses, which colonize barren areas without soil.
●  In secondary succession, where soil is already present, pioneer species include grasses, herbs, and fast-growing shrubs.

Statement 2 is not correct: The species that dominate the final stage are called climax species, not pioneer species.
Pioneer species are the first to colonize, while climax species are long-lived and form a stable climax community (e.g., oak and maple trees in temperate forests).

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M Question 1	⏱ 0
Which of the following statements is/are correct regarding the Ecological succession? 1. Pioneer species are present in primary succession while it is absent in secondary succession. 2. The species that dominate the final stage of ecological succession, known as the pioneer species. Select the correct answer using the codes given below: (a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2