Explanation Option 1 is not correct: Long-wave radiation refers to infrared radiation (IR), which is mainly associated with heat energy (like sunlight, thermal radiation, etc.), NOT radioactive pollution.
Radioactive pollution primarily involves short-wave radiation like:Alpha rays (α), and beta rays (β) Gamma rays (γ)
Hence, long-wave radiation is not a characteristic of radioactive pollution.
Option 2 is correct: Non-ionising radiation (low penetration power) → alpha particles.
Some radioactive radiations, like: Alpha radiation (α): It is non-penetrating and can be stopped by paper, skin, or a few centimetres of air. However, if inhaled or ingested, alpha particles can cause severe internal damage. This makes it a characteristic of radioactive pollution.
Option 3 is correct: Ionising radiation includes: Gamma rays (γ): Extremely high penetration power; can pass through concrete walls, human bodies, and metals. Requires lead shields to block. Neutron radiation: even more penetrating and dangerous in nuclear reactions. These high-penetration ionising radiations are a major cause of radioactive pollution. Ionising radiation (high penetration power) → gamma rays, neutron rays.
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