Environment & Ecology Practice Question›› Environment and Ecology ››
Ecology
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Pioneer Species
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Question 1
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With reference to pioneer species, consider the following:
1. Pioneer species are resilient organisms that help create more complex and stable ecosystems.
2. Pioneer species depend on sexual reproduction to populate and thrive.
3. Lichens, moss, algae, fungi, and coral are examples of pioneer species.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 1 and 2 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1 and 3 only
Explanation Statement 1 is correct: The term pioneer is used to describe the species that first colonize new habitats created by disturbance. Pioneer species are hardy and play a vital role in initiating ecological succession, helping to create more complex and stable ecosystems over time.
Statement 2 is not correct: Pioneer species typically rely on asexual reproduction, as it allows them to quickly spread and colonize new areas. For example, lichens and mosses can reproduce by spores, and some can even survive long dormancy periods before germinating when conditions are right.
Statement 3 is correct: The barren land is initially colonized by pioneer species. Pioneer species, along with abiotic factors like wind and water, play a vital role in breaking down rocks and increasing nutrient levels for the survival of other species. Lichens, moss, algae, fungi, and coral are examples of pioneer species.
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