Ecology

Choose the Correct Answer

Correct Answer : Option d

Explanation
Commensalism is a relationship where one organism benefits, and the other is neither helped nor harmed.
● Barnacles and whales: Barnacles gain mobility and access to food by attaching to whales, while whales remain unaffected.
● Cattle egrets and cattle: Egrets feed on insects disturbed by grazing cattle, benefiting from increased food availability without impacting the cattle.
● Epiphytic orchids and trees: Orchids use trees for support to access sunlight, but do not harm or benefit the host tree.
Amensalism is a biological interaction where one organism is inhibited or destroyed while the other remains unaffected.
● Black walnut trees and nearby plants: Black walnut trees release juglone, a chemical that inhibits the growth of nearby plants, negatively impacting them.
● Penicillium mold and bacteria: The bread mold Penicillium secretes penicillin, which inhibits the growth of certain bacteria.