Explanation Arsenic: It is an odourless carcinogen which causes Black Foot disease, a peripheral vascular disease (PVD) that severely damages blood vessels in the lower limbs, leading to progressive gangrene. It also causes diarrhea, as well as lung and skin cancer.
Fluoride: Excessive fluoride intake can lead to neuromuscular disorders, gastrointestinal issues, tooth deformities, and bone hardening, causing stiff and painful joints (skeletal fluorosis). It can also result in bone and joint pain, along with outward bending of the legs from the knees, known as Knock-Knee syndrome.
Uranium: Uranium is a nephrotoxic element that can be harmful at high concentrations. People relying on uranium-contaminated groundwater face an increased risk of impaired renal function, chronic kidney disease and bone toxicity.
Nitrates: Excess nitrate in drinking water reacts with hemoglobin, forming non-functional methemoglobin, which disrupts oxygen transport. This condition is known as methemoglobinemia or Blue Baby Syndrome.
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