Explanation Item 1 is correct: Microbial fuel cell (MFC) represents an eco-friendly approach to generating electricity while purifying wastewater concurrently, achieving up to 50% chemical oxygen demand removal and power densities in the range of 420–460 mW/m2. The system utilizes the metabolism power of bacteria for electricity generation. MFCs help in breaking down organic pollutants while generating electricity.
Item 2 is correct: MFCs convert biochemical energy from microbes into electrical energy.
Item 3 is correct: MFCs are used for detecting pollutants and monitoring water quality.
Item 4 is not correct: Powering electric vehicles is an application of Hydrogen Fuel Cells (HFCs), not Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs).
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