Which of the following is a major contributor to improving female labour force participation as per the Economic Survey 2024-25?
1. Growth in unpaid agricultural work
2. Growth in gig and platform-based jobs
3. Expansion of DAY-NRLM’s credit and skilling initiatives
4. Push for Entrepreneurship
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(a) 2, 3 and 4
(b) 1, 2, 3 and 4
(c) 1, 3 and 4
(d) 2 and 4 only
Explanation
The Survey notes the following reasons for improving female labour force participation:
1. Among women not engaged in paid work, 58 percent were engaged in unpaid work (helping the household in agricultural tasks). This suggests that more than 70 per cent of the married women were engaged in (paid or unpaid) labour, directly generating greater household income.
2. The rise of gig work as a factor, especially in flexible roles.
3. Impact of DAY-NRLM’s (Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana – National Rural Livelihood Mission) skilling initiatives and improved access to credit for diversified livelihoods via Self Help Groups (SHGs), which has enabled more women, particularly in rural areas, to engage in both paid and unpaid economic activities.
4. As of October 2024, over 73,000 women-led startups benefited from Startup India, with ₹3,107 crore invested, and support provided through Start-up India Seed Fund Scheme (SISFS), Credit Guarantee Scheme for Startups (CGSS). As per the Udyam Registration Portal (URP) of the Ministry of MSME, women-owned MSMEs constitute 20.5% of the total.
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