With reference to the NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar (NISAR) mission, consider the following statements:
1. It is the first satellite to use dual-frequency Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) with both L-band and S-band.
2. The mission will provide all-weather, day and night Earth observation data at regular intervals.
3. SweepSAR technology will be used in NISAR for the first time.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Explanation
Recently, India is enhancing space capabilities through international collaboration, indigenous development, private sector participation, and government support.
NISAR will be launched on GSLV-F16 (Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle).. It will be launched from Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota.
Statement 1 is correct: NISAR is the world’s first satellite to use a dual-frequency Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) system, combining L-band SAR provided by NASA and S-band SAR provided by ISRO. This unique configuration enables the satellite to deliver high-resolution, all-weather Earth observations, making it particularly effective for monitoring changes in land, vegetation, ice, and natural disasters with enhanced accuracy and consistency.
Statement 2 is correct: The satellite uses radar, which can penetrate clouds and darkness, allowing it to collect data day and night in all weather conditions.
It revisits the same area every 12 days, offering regular data updates.
Statement 3 is correct: SweepSAR (a new radar technique) allows NISAR to observe with a wide swath (242 km) while maintaining high resolution, improving both coverage and data quality. It will employ SweepSAR technology for the first time in a civilian satellite mission.
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