As per Article 143 of the Constitution of India, the President may refer questions to the Supreme Court for its opinion on the subjects of:
1. Any question of law that is of public importance and is likely to arise.
2. Any fact that is of public importance and has arisen.
3. Disputes arising out of pre-constitution treaties, agreements, covenants, or similar instruments.

Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3

Question

As per Article 143 of the Constitution of India, the President may refer questions to the Supreme Court for its opinion on the subjects of:
1. Any question of law that is of public importance and is likely to arise.
2. Any fact that is of public importance and has arisen.
3. Disputes arising out of pre-constitution treaties, agreements, covenants, or similar instruments.

Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3

ONLiNE UPSC · Accepted Answer

In May 2025, the President of India asked the Supreme Court 14 questions about its verdict that set fixed timelines for the Governor and President to act on State Bills passed by State Assemblies.
Article 143(1) allows the President to refer to or refer to any question of law or fact of public importance that has arisen or is likely to arise. Article 143(2) specifically empowers the President to refer disputes relating to pre-constitution treaties, agreements, covenants, or similar instruments for the Supreme Court&rsquo;s opinion.

Constitution of India

Article 143 - Reference to the Supreme Court

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As per Article 143 of the Constitution of India, the President may refer questions to the Supreme Court for its opinion on the subjects of: 1. Any question of law that is of public importance and is likely to arise. 2. Any fact that is of public importance and has arisen. 3. Disputes arising out of pre-constitution treaties, agreements, covenants, or similar instruments. Select the correct answer using the code given below: (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3