Passage-2
Laws introduced by the state have consequences for people: they determine to an extent who grows richer and who poorer? Who acquires new land and who loses the land they have lived on? Where do peasants go when they need money? However, people are not only subject to the working of laws, they also resist the laws by acting according to what they believe to be just. In doing so people define the way in which laws operate, thereby modifying their consequences.

Based on the above passage, the following assumptions have been made:

1. Individuals possess a capacity for moral reasoning that can operate independently and oppose formally enacted legal statutes.
2. Legal statutes and their enforcement have a differential impact on the prospects and vulnerabilities of various groups or individuals.

Which of the assumptions given above is/are valid?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2

Question

Passage-2
Laws introduced by the state have consequences for people: they determine to an extent who grows richer and who poorer? Who acquires new land and who loses the land they have lived on? Where do peasants go when they need money? However, people are not only subject to the working of laws, they also resist the laws by acting according to what they believe to be just. In doing so people define the way in which laws operate, thereby modifying their consequences.

Based on the above passage, the following assumptions have been made:

1. Individuals possess a capacity for moral reasoning that can operate independently and oppose formally enacted legal statutes.
2. Legal statutes and their enforcement have a differential impact on the prospects and vulnerabilities of various groups or individuals.

Which of the assumptions given above is/are valid?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2

ONLiNE UPSC · Accepted Answer

Statement 1 is correct: For people to resist laws based on their own belief of what is just, they must possess a moral framework or capacity for reasoning about justice that isn't solely derived from or dictated by the state's laws. This allows for potential divergence and resistance.

Statement 2 is correct: The passage states that &ldquo;Laws introduced by the state have consequences for people: they determine to an extent who grows richer and who poorer? Who acquires new land and who loses the land they have lived on?&rdquo;. For laws to determine who gets richer or poorer, it must be assumed that these legal structures have real, tangible effects on economic opportunities, access to resources (like land, as mentioned), or financial burdens, and that these effects are not uniform across the population.

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Passage-2 Laws introduced by the state have consequences for people: they determine to an extent who grows richer and who poorer? Who acquires new land and who loses the land they have lived on? Where do peasants go when they need money? However, people are not only subject to the working of laws, they also resist the laws by acting according to what they believe to be just. In doing so people define the way in which laws operate, thereby modifying their consequences. Based on the above passage, the following assumptions have been made: 1. Individuals possess a capacity for moral reasoning that can operate independently and oppose formally enacted legal statutes. 2. Legal statutes and their enforcement have a differential impact on the prospects and vulnerabilities of various groups or individuals. Which of the assumptions given above is/are valid? (a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2