Consider the following statements regarding Khayal Gharanas in Hindustani Classical Music:
1. Khayal is a prominent genre of Hindustani classical music that evolved from the Dhrupad tradition.
2. Each Khayal Gharana has a distinct style, emphasizing aspects such as voice modulation, improvisation, and rhythmic patterns.
3. The Khayal style primarily focuses on devotional compositions and avoids intricate ornamentations like taans and gamakas.

Which of the statements given above are correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, and 3

Question

Consider the following statements regarding Khayal Gharanas in Hindustani Classical Music:
1. Khayal is a prominent genre of Hindustani classical music that evolved from the Dhrupad tradition.
2. Each Khayal Gharana has a distinct style, emphasizing aspects such as voice modulation, improvisation, and rhythmic patterns.
3. The Khayal style primarily focuses on devotional compositions and avoids intricate ornamentations like taans and gamakas.

Which of the statements given above are correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, and 3

ONLiNE UPSC · Accepted Answer

Statement 1 is correct: Khayal is a dominant genre of Hindustani classical music that evolved from Dhrupad, incorporating more flexibility, ornamentation, and improvisation. It became prominent during the Delhi Sultanate and Mughal era, with significant contributions from Amir Khusrau and later musicians.

Statement 2 is correct: Each Khayal Gharana has a distinct style, focusing on elements like voice modulation, improvisation, rhythmic play (layakari), and ornamentation (taans, meends, gamakas, etc.). Major Khayal Gharanas include Gwalior, Kirana, Jaipur-Atrauli, Patiala, and Agra.

Statement 3 not correct: The Khayal style does not primarily focus on devotional compositions; instead, it includes a wide range of themes, including love, nature, and philosophical ideas.

Unlike Dhrupad, which is more structured and devotional, Khayal allows intricate ornamentations like taans (rapid note patterns) and gamakas (graceful note oscillations), making it highly expressive and improvisational.

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M Question 1	⏱ 0
Consider the following statements regarding Khayal Gharanas in Hindustani Classical Music: 1. Khayal is a prominent genre of Hindustani classical music that evolved from the Dhrupad tradition. 2. Each Khayal Gharana has a distinct style, emphasizing aspects such as voice modulation, improvisation, and rhythmic patterns. 3. The Khayal style primarily focuses on devotional compositions and avoids intricate ornamentations like taans and gamakas. Which of the statements given above are correct? (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2, and 3

Indian Classical Music

Khayal Gharanas in Hindustani Classical Music

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