What You Need to Know About GLP-1 Drugs in 2023

Understanding GLP-1 and Its Functions

GLP-1, or Glucagon-Like Peptide-1, is a natural hormone secreted by the intestines post-meal. Its primary functions include:

• Blood Sugar Control: Increases insulin and decreases glucagon levels.
• Appetite Regulation: Reduces appetite and promotes a feeling of fullness.
• Weight Management: Slows gastric emptying, aiding in weight loss.

GLP-1 drugs, such as semaglutide and tirzepatide, mimic the effects of this hormone. Initially developed for type-2 diabetes treatment, these injectable medications are now widely used for weight loss and other health conditions.

Main Benefits of GLP-1 Drugs

The advantages of GLP-1 drugs are significant and include:

• Weight Loss: Users may lose 15% to 20% of their body weight.
• Improved Blood Sugar Levels: Effective in managing diabetes.
• Heart Health: Reduced risk of heart attack, stroke, and heart failure.
• Liver Health: Helps decrease liver fat, beneficial for fatty liver patients.
• Better Sleep: Assists in alleviating sleep apnea associated with obesity.
• Kidney Protection: Decreases the risk of kidney disease in certain patients.

Popular GLP-1 Drugs in India

Among the GLP-1 medications available in India, the following are prominent:

• Semaglutide: Available as Wegovy or Ozempic from Novo Nordisk.
• Tirzepatide: Marketed as Mounjaro by Eli Lilly.

Cost of GLP-1 Drugs in India

Pricing for these medications varies:

• Semaglutide:
  • ₹17,345/month (0.25mg, 0.5mg, 1mg)
  • ₹24,280/month (1.7mg)
  • ₹26,015/month (2.4mg)
• Tirzepatide:
  • ₹3,500 for a single-dose vial
  • ₹14,000/month
  • ₹4,375 for a 3mg single-dose
  • ₹17,000/month (higher dose)

Who Should Avoid GLP-1 Drugs?

GLP-1 medications are not suitable for everyone. Those who should refrain from using them include:

• Individuals with gastrointestinal issues, as these may exacerbate nausea or vomiting.
• Those with a family history of thyroid cancer.
• Pregnant women or those attempting to conceive.
• Children, unless specifically approved by healthcare professionals.
• Individuals with eating disorders or nutritional problems.

Potential Side Effects

While GLP-1 drugs are beneficial, some may experience side effects, including:

• Nausea, vomiting, or abdominal pain.
• Constipation.
• Fatigue or weakness.
• Potential long-term thyroid risks, still under investigation.

Do GLP-1 Drugs Replace Healthy Lifestyle Choices?

No, these medications should complement a healthy lifestyle. Diet and physical exercise remain crucial for overall well-being.

Development and Future of GLP-1 Drugs

GLP-1 was first identified in the 1920s, and by the 1990s, scientists had developed GLP-1-like medications for diabetic patients. Subsequent iterations, including semaglutide and tirzepatide, proved effective for weight loss and reducing heart disease risk. Ongoing advancements aim to enhance the efficacy and accessibility of these medications.

Why Are GLP-1 Drugs Considered “Miracle Drugs”?

These drugs are often labeled as “miracle drugs” due to their ability to address multiple health issues simultaneously, including:

• Diabetes
• Obesity
• Heart and liver diseases
• Sleep apnea

This multifaceted approach makes them appealing, but it's essential to remember that they are not suitable for everyone, and long-term safety studies are ongoing.

Synopsis

GLP-1 drugs, such as semaglutide and tirzepatide, significantly aid in weight reduction, improve blood sugar management, and lower the risks associated with heart and liver diseases. Despite their high costs, the extensive benefits make them worthwhile for many. However, they should be used judiciously under medical supervision and are not substitutes for healthy lifestyle practices. New formulations are in the pipeline to enhance accessibility.