The term megalith is derived from two Greek words: mega, meaning large, and lithos, meaning stone. These massive stone structures, often constructed as burial sites, are prevalent across various parts of the world, including Europe, Africa, and Asia.
Cairn circles represent a specific kind of megalithic burial. They are characterized by a circular or quasi-circular arrangement of stones, which typically features a central cist or burial chamber constructed from vertically placed stone slabs. Within this chamber, archaeologists often find the remains of the deceased, alongside grave goods such as pottery, tools, and beads.
In India, megalithic burials, particularly cairn circles, are primarily located in the Deccan plateau region. This includes states like Karnataka, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, and Telangana. Additionally, these structures can be found in parts of northeastern India, central India, and the northern regions.
The cairn circles in India are believed to date back to around 1000 BCE, although some may be even older. These ancient burials provide crucial insights into the socio-cultural and ritualistic practices of the communities that constructed them. The presence of grave goods indicates a belief in the afterlife and highlights the importance of equipping the deceased for their journey to the next world.
Excavations at megalithic sites have revealed a diverse array of artifacts. These include black and red ware pottery, iron tools, weapons, beads made from semi-precious stones, and terracotta figurines. Such discoveries assist archaeologists in understanding the technological advancements, trade networks, and cultural practices of the time.
Megalithic burials, especially cairn circles, constitute an integral part of India’s prehistoric archaeological record. They provide a fascinating glimpse into the lives, beliefs, and practices of ancient communities, emphasizing both the continuity and evolution of cultural traditions over the millennia.
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