The Snow Leopard Population Assessment in India (SPAI) Program represents a significant milestone in wildlife conservation efforts. It marks the first-ever comprehensive survey focused on estimating the population of snow leopards within India. This initiative not only aims to understand the numbers but also contributes to global assessments of this vulnerable species.
According to the SPAI Program, approximately 718 snow leopards inhabit India. This estimation accounts for about 10-15% of the total global population, highlighting India's crucial role in the conservation of these majestic creatures. The survey spanned an expansive area of approximately 120,000 square kilometers, covering potential habitats across the trans-Himalayan region.
The survey included significant snow leopard habitats in regions such as Ladakh, Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Sikkim, and Arunachal Pradesh. These areas encompass about 70% of the potential habitats for snow leopards in India, providing a comprehensive overview of the species' distribution.
Researchers employed camera traps to identify 214 individual snow leopards. Further analysis of trails and additional data contributed to estimating the overall population size. This methodology underscores the scientific rigor and dedication involved in the SPAI Program.
Understanding the population of snow leopards is paramount for several reasons. As an apex predator, they play a vital role in maintaining the balance of the Himalayan ecosystem. Their population numbers serve as indicators of ecosystem health, potential threats to their habitat, and shifts caused by climate change.
Despite their elusive nature, snow leopards face several challenges in the wild. They are threatened by habitat loss, poaching, and the effects of infrastructure development. The SPAI Program report emphasizes that 70% of the land used by snow leopards remains unprotected, yet it is critical for wildlife conservation. Ongoing monitoring is essential to ensure their long-term survival.
Among the surveyed regions, Ladakh stands out with the highest estimated number of snow leopards. This is followed by other regions such as Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, and Jammu and Kashmir. These findings highlight the importance of focused conservation efforts in these areas.
The SPAI Program provides invaluable insights into the status of snow leopards in India, paving the way for informed conservation strategies that can help secure the future of these enigmatic animals.
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