From 2020 to 2024, India has witnessed a significant decline in the number of forest fires detected, dropping from 3.45 lakh to 2.03 lakh. This trend indicates concerted efforts in monitoring and management. However, certain states continue to face challenges, particularly in the peak fire season.
In the 2023-2024 season, Uttarakhand recorded the highest number of forest fires, totaling 21,033 incidents. Following closely, Odisha reported 20,973 fires, emphasizing the regional disparities in fire occurrences.
Forest fires in India are primarily detected using satellite-based sensors known as SNPP-VIIRS (Suomi-National Polar-orbiting Partnership – Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite). This technology allows for timely identification and monitoring of fire incidents across vast forest areas. Additionally, the Forest Survey of India (FSI) operates a monitoring and alert system that sends SMS and email notifications to relevant authorities.
The National Disaster Management Authority has implemented training programs for the National Disaster Relief Force battalions specifically focused on forest fire response. Furthermore, a National Action Plan on Forest Fires has been distributed to all states, ensuring a unified approach to fire management. The Ministry of Environment, Forest, and Climate Change (MoEFCC) maintains a 24×7 disaster management control room to facilitate rapid response.
While comprehensive data on forest and wildlife losses due to fires is not readily available, it is acknowledged that regions such as the Himalayan forests, central India, and the Northeast are particularly susceptible to forest fires. These areas experience significant ecological impacts, affecting biodiversity and local communities.
The majority of forest fires in India are classified as ground fires, which predominantly affect ground vegetation. Various risk factors contribute to the vulnerability of forests, including climatic conditions, human activities, and natural events. Addressing these vulnerabilities is crucial for effective fire management and prevention strategies.
Q1. What is the trend in forest fires in India from 2020 to 2024?
Answer: The trend shows a significant decrease in forest fires in India, from 3.45 lakh in 2020 to 2.03 lakh in 2024, indicating improved monitoring and management efforts.
Q2. Which state reported the highest number of forest fires in 2024?
Answer: In the 2023-2024 season, Uttarakhand reported the highest number of forest fires, totaling 21,033 incidents.
Q3. How are forest fires detected in India?
Answer: Forest fires in India are detected using satellite-based sensors like SNPP-VIIRS and a monitoring system by the Forest Survey of India that sends alerts.
Q4. What measures are in place to mitigate forest fires in India?
Answer: The National Disaster Management Authority trains response units and has initiated a National Action Plan on Forest Fires, alongside a 24×7 control room for rapid response.
Q5. What are the primary causes of forest fires in India?
Answer: Most forest fires in India are ground fires affecting vegetation, influenced by various factors including climate and human activity.
Question 1: What was the number of forest fires in India in 2020?
A) 3.45 lakh
B) 2.03 lakh
C) 1.5 lakh
D) 4 lakh
Correct Answer: A
Question 2: Which sensor is used for detecting forest fires in India?
A) MODIS
B) SNPP-VIIRS
C) LANDSAT
D) SPOT
Correct Answer: B
Question 3: What organization trains battalions to respond to forest fires?
A) Forest Survey of India
B) National Disaster Management Authority
C) Ministry of Environment
D) State Forest Departments
Correct Answer: B
Question 4: Which state reported 20,973 forest fires in 2024?
A) Himachal Pradesh
B) Odisha
C) Uttarakhand
D) Madhya Pradesh
Correct Answer: B
Question 5: What type of fire primarily affects ground vegetation in India?
A) Canopy fires
B) Surface fires
C) Ground fires
D) Crown fires
Correct Answer: C
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