The relationship between India and the Maldives is characterized by a rich historical and cultural bond, with both nations cooperating in various sectors such as trade, tourism, and defence. India has consistently supported the Maldives, especially during crises like the political unrest in 1988, when it conducted Operation Cactus. This partnership has been vital for the Maldives, with India providing substantial assistance in healthcare, education, and infrastructure development.
The Maldives holds a significant strategic position in the Indian Ocean, lying close to crucial shipping routes that connect East and West. For India, maintaining robust ties with the Maldives is essential for its maritime security and regional influence. Its proximity to India's Lakshadweep Islands further underscores the Maldives' role in India's security framework and its commitment to ensuring stability in the Indian Ocean Region. The Maldives is also a key partner in India's "Neighborhood First" policy and its maritime vision, “SAGAR” (Security and Growth for All in the Region).
In recent years, China's influence in the Maldives has expanded significantly, primarily through its Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). China's involvement in various infrastructure projects has raised alarm in India, as it poses challenges to India's strategic interests in the region. In response, India has intensified its diplomatic efforts, providing economic aid, enhancing defence cooperation, and supporting infrastructure initiatives to counter China's growing presence.
The Maldives plays a crucial role in India's regional diplomacy. As part of its "Neighborhood First" policy, India aims to strengthen ties with South Asian nations, prioritizing its relationship with the Maldives. Initiatives like the Greater Male Connectivity Project (GMCP) enhance economic relations and foster people-to-people connections. India also assists the Maldives in disaster management, financial aid, and capacity-building programs, all vital for regional peace and stability.
The election of Mohamed Muizzu as President of the Maldives has introduced challenges to India-Maldives relations. His "India Out" campaign, which advocated for the withdrawal of Indian military personnel, has created tensions. This marked a shift from the pro-India policies of former President Ibrahim Solih. In December 2023, the Muizzu government opted not to renew an agreement with India for hydrographic surveys, highlighting the strain. However, recent discussions between defence officials indicate a potential thaw, emphasizing the need for cooperation in defence and economic projects.
Cooperation between India and the Maldives extends beyond defence to include tourism, trade, healthcare, education, and infrastructure development. The Maldives is a popular tourist destination for Indians, significantly contributing to its economy. India has also aided in modernizing healthcare facilities and providing educational scholarships to Maldivian students. The GMCP exemplifies India’s commitment to deepening economic ties with the Maldives. Furthermore, India's support during the COVID-19 pandemic, including vaccine supplies, has bolstered this bilateral partnership.
Recent defence talks in September 2024 between Indian Defence Secretary Giridhar Aramane and Maldivian Defence Force General Ibrahim Hilmy reflect efforts to mend ties. These discussions focused on bilateral cooperation projects, high-level exchanges, and joint military exercises, highlighting a willingness to restore relations. The emphasis on collaboration in economic and strategic projects indicates both nations' desire for mutual prosperity, despite political differences. Such dialogues serve as a foundation for rebuilding trust and collaboration moving forward.
Q1. What is the historical context of India-Maldives relations?
Answer: India and the Maldives share a deep cultural relationship, marked by cooperation in trade, tourism, and defence. India has provided military assistance during crises and supports various sectors in the Maldives.
Q2. Why is the Maldives strategically important for India?
Answer: The Maldives is located near vital shipping lanes in the Indian Ocean, making it crucial for India's maritime security and influence in the region, especially concerning its Lakshadweep Islands.
Q3. How does China's influence affect India-Maldives relations?
Answer: China's growing presence in the Maldives through infrastructure projects raises concerns for India, prompting it to enhance diplomatic efforts and cooperation in response to China's influence.
Q4. What recent changes have occurred in India-Maldives relations?
Answer: The election of President Mohamed Muizzu has strained relations due to his "India Out" campaign. However, recent defence discussions suggest a willingness to restore cooperation.
Q5. What areas do India and the Maldives cooperate in?
Answer: India and the Maldives collaborate in tourism, trade, healthcare, education, and infrastructure, with projects like the Greater Male Connectivity Project strengthening their economic ties.
Question 1: What was the primary focus of India's "Neighborhood First" policy?
A) Strengthening economic ties with China
B) Enhancing relationships with South Asian countries
C) Promoting military alliances globally
D) Focusing solely on internal politics
Correct Answer: B
Question 2: What event marked India’s military assistance to the Maldives in 1988?
A) Operation Cactus
B) Operation Suraksha
C) Operation Shield
D) Operation Rescue
Correct Answer: A
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