Understanding the Outcomes of the Busan Talks on Plastic Pollution

What Was the Objective of the Busan Talks?

The negotiations aimed to finalize a legally binding global treaty to address plastic pollution through measures like production caps, waste management reforms, and chemical bans.

Where and When Did These Talks Take Place?

The talks were held in Busan, South Korea, from November 28 to December 1, 2024. It marked the fifth round of discussions since the treaty process began in March 2022 under the United Nations Environment Assembly (UNEA).

What Caused the Collapse of the Negotiations?

The primary reasons for the impasse included:

• Disagreements on Production Caps: Over 100 countries, particularly from Africa and Latin America, demanded caps on plastic production, while major oil producers like Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, and others opposed them.
• Ban on Chemicals: Provisions to eliminate harmful plastic chemicals and regulate primary plastic production were contested.

What Is the Current State of Plastic Pollution?

• 430 million tonnes of plastic are produced annually.
• 11 million tonnes enter the oceans each year.
• Only 10% of plastic ever produced has been recycled.

What Did the Draft Text Include?

The draft text proposed:

• Bans on open dumping and burning of plastic waste.
• Definitions of plastics and microplastics.

However, it failed to specify production limits or address contentious issues effectively.

What Was India's Position?

India opposed production caps, arguing they would damage the right to development and disproportionately affect developing economies. India emphasized sustainable plastic management and urged that solutions consider economic realities, especially for developing nations.

What’s Next for the Treaty?

Negotiations will resume in 2025, with hopes of overcoming the stalemate and reaching consensus.