Understanding the National Board for Wildlife (NBWL)

What is the National Board for Wildlife (NBWL)?

The NBWL is India's foremost statutory authority for wildlife conservation, established in 2003 through an amendment to the Wildlife (Protection) Act of 1972. It serves as an advisory body to the government regarding wildlife conservation policies, national parks, and sanctuaries.

Functions of the NBWL

• Formulates policies for wildlife conservation.
• Approves the establishment of new national parks and sanctuaries.
• Advises on infrastructure projects that may impact wildlife habitats.
• Reviews conservation programs aimed at endangered species.

Members of the NBWL

The Prime Minister serves as the ex-officio chairperson of the NBWL. Other members encompass the Union Minister for Environment, Forests & Climate Change, the Chief of the Army Staff, alongside various wildlife experts.

Frequency of Meetings

The NBWL convenes periodically to assess conservation projects and policy issues. The most recent full-body meeting occurred in March 2024, marking a 12-year gap since the last.

History of the Indian Board for Wildlife (IBWL)

Preceding the NBWL, the IBWL was founded in 1952 as the Central Board for Wildlife. It significantly contributed to initiatives like Project Tiger in 1973 and the development of wildlife conservation laws, ultimately being replaced by the NBWL in 2003.

Influence on Major Wildlife Policies

The NBWL has shaped numerous policies concerning:

• Protection of national parks and reserves.
• Habitat conservation for endangered species.
• Regulation of wildlife trade.
• Prevention of poaching and illegal wildlife trafficking.

Controversies Surrounding the NBWL

Critics highlight that the Standing Committee of the NBWL has approved several development projects within wildlife habitats, such as:

• The Daudhan Dam related to the Ken-Betwa River linking project, which threatens part of the Panna Tiger Reserve.
• Mining and industrial initiatives near protected areas.

These decisions have raised concerns about their potential to undermine conservation efforts.

Restructuring of the Standing Committee

In 2014, the committee was restructured, reducing the number of non-government members. Previously, it included various conservationists and environmental experts.

Role in Tiger Conservation

The NBWL has been pivotal in formulating India's tiger conservation strategies. Recommendations from the IBWL significantly influenced Project Tiger in 1973. In 2005, the NBWL addressed threats such as poaching and habitat destruction that jeopardize tiger populations.

Contribution to Legal Wildlife Protection

The NBWL offers advisory input on amendments to the Wildlife (Protection) Act and recommends enhancements for the effective enforcement of conservation laws.

“The greatness of a nation and its moral progress can be judged by the way its animals are treated.”

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Q1. What is the primary role of the NBWL?
Answer: The primary role of the National Board for Wildlife (NBWL) is to advise the government on wildlife conservation policies, including the establishment of national parks and sanctuaries.

Q2. Who chairs the NBWL?
Answer: The Prime Minister of India serves as the ex-officio chairperson of the National Board for Wildlife (NBWL).

Q3. What is the significance of Project Tiger?
Answer: Project Tiger, initiated in 1973 based on IBWL recommendations, plays a crucial role in tiger conservation efforts in India, addressing poaching and habitat destruction.