Understanding the Integrated Air Drop Test for Gaganyaan

1. What is an Integrated Air Drop Test (IADT)?

The Integrated Air Drop Test simulates the final stage of a spacecraft’s return to Earth. An aircraft or helicopter drops the crew module from a height to test parachute systems that slow it down for a safe landing.

2. Why is the test crucial for Gaganyaan?

This test validates the parachute-based deceleration system, ensuring the crew module can safely return during re-entry and landing. Astronaut safety depends on its success.

3. How was the test carried out?

A test capsule was dropped from an Ilyushin-76 aircraft at 4.8 km altitude. The onboard avionics triggered parachute deployment, reducing the capsule’s speed to around 8 m/s for a safe splashdown.

4. How did the parachute system work?

The parachute system deployed in stages:

• Two 2.5 m Cover Separation Parachutes removed the capsule’s apex cover.
• Two 5.8 m drogue parachutes stabilized the capsule and reduced speed.
• Three 34 m main parachutes (two carrying the load) further slowed the capsule before splashdown.

5. What does this mean for astronaut safety?

The test confirmed that the parachutes can orient the module correctly, control its velocity, and ensure survivability during Earth re-entry.

6. Where does Gaganyaan stand now?

The mission aims to send Indian astronauts to low-Earth orbit by 2027. Current progress includes:

• ISRO is testing multiple systems for crew safety.
• The first uncrewed mission, Gaganyaan-1, is scheduled for late 2025.
• The manned mission will follow after two more uncrewed missions.

7. What preparations are underway?

• Crew module and service module fabrication is ongoing.
• Propulsion systems, abort systems, and safety upgrades have been tested.
• Astronaut training has already begun.

“Safety in space begins with meticulous testing on Earth.”