Understanding the Importance of World Rabies Day

World Rabies Day: September 28

World Rabies Day serves as a poignant reminder of the ongoing fight against rabies. Despite significant medical advancements, this viral disease continues to pose a serious threat, illustrated by the tragic death of a young boy in Kerala. This day commemorates Louis Pasteur, whose pioneering work led to the first rabies vaccine. Historically, rabies was surrounded by misconceptions, but Pasteur's breakthrough paved the way for modern prevention and treatment methods.

India faces a substantial burden of rabies, primarily resulting from dog bites. A "One Health" approach that encourages collaboration across various sectors is essential to combat this preventable disease.

FAQs about Rabies

• What is rabies? Rabies is a viral disease affecting the nervous system of mammals, including humans. It is almost always fatal once symptoms appear.
• How is rabies transmitted? The disease is primarily transmitted through the bite or scratch of an infected animal, most commonly a dog.
• What are the symptoms of rabies? Early symptoms include fever, headache, muscle weakness, and tingling at the bite site. As the disease progresses, more severe symptoms such as confusion, agitation, hallucinations, difficulty swallowing, and hydrophobia (fear of water) may develop.
• How can rabies be prevented? Regular vaccination of pets is crucial. Immediate medical attention should be sought if bitten or scratched by an animal. Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP), which includes vaccination and rabies immunoglobulin, can be lifesaving.
• What is the significance of World Rabies Day? This day commemorates Louis Pasteur, who developed the first rabies vaccine. It raises awareness about rabies prevention and control and underscores the importance of vaccination and responsible pet ownership.
• What is the current situation of rabies in India? India has a high burden of rabies, with a significant number of deaths each year. Most cases result from dog bites, highlighting the need for improved dog vaccination programs.
• What is the "One Health" approach to rabies control? This approach recognizes the interconnection between human, animal, and environmental health. It promotes collaboration among veterinary, medical, and environmental sectors to manage rabies effectively.

Additional Facts

Ancient texts, such as the Susruta Samhita, described rabies symptoms over 4,000 years ago. Remarkably, it took 89 years after the development of the smallpox vaccine for the second vaccine (rabies) to be created. The success of the rabies vaccine led to the establishment of the Pasteur Institute, a pivotal center for vaccine research.

In 2021, rabies resulted in 59,000 deaths in India, accounting for 33% of the global total. Moreover, the economic cost of dog-mediated rabies in India was estimated to be $8.6 billion in 2021.