The interplay between El Niño and climate change is significantly altering weather patterns globally, with profound effects in India. El Niño, characterized by warmer sea temperatures in the Pacific, plays a crucial role in shaping global weather. Meanwhile, climate change continues to contribute to rising temperatures, further affecting precipitation patterns.
In India, these phenomena have led to notable changes in the monsoon season. El Niño is known to influence the Indian monsoons, often causing uneven rainfall distribution. This results in some regions experiencing prolonged dry spells, while others face heavy rainfall, as seen with the dry conditions in North India during August and the contrasting floods in Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh.
Typically, Gulmarg is known for receiving substantial snowfall in January. However, the region is currently experiencing an unusual dry spell, with no snow in sight. The mechanics behind snowfall in Kashmir are influenced by Western Disturbances, which bring moist air from the Mediterranean eastward, traditionally resulting in snowfall. Cold January temperatures usually ensure this precipitation falls as snow rather than rain.
Recently, weak Western Disturbances have been noted, bringing less moisture from the Arabian Sea and leading to reduced precipitation. Historical records show similar dry spells occurred in 2016 and 1998. The ongoing effects of El Niño continue to contribute to these unusual weather patterns.
Experts highlight that global warming combined with El Niño has disrupted traditional weather systems. This has led to unpredictable weather, with potential for extreme conditions in the future. The consequences of reduced snowfall are multifaceted and significantly impact the region.
Understanding these trends is crucial for developing adaptive strategies to mitigate their impacts on both the environment and human activities.
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