Understanding the Decline in Rainfall in Sohra (Cherrapunji)

FAQs on Declining Rainfall in Sohra (Cherrapunji)

Once known as the wettest place on Earth, Sohra (Cherrapunji) in Meghalaya is now witnessing a worrying decline in rainfall. This trend raises concerns about climate change, deforestation, and water security in one of India’s most unique ecosystems.

1. What is the significance of Sohra (Cherrapunji) in terms of global rainfall?

Sohra, located in Meghalaya, India, has long been recognised as the wettest place on Earth. In 1974, it received a record 24,555 mm of rain — a world record that still stands. Historically, it averaged around 11,000 mm of rainfall annually.

2. How much rainfall did Sohra receive in June 2025, and how does it compare to the past?

In June 2025, Sohra recorded only 1,095.4 mm of rain — a steep drop from 3,041.2 mm in June 2024. This marks an almost 64% reduction and is one of the sharpest year-on-year declines ever recorded in the region.

3. What has been the long-term trend in Sohra’s annual rainfall?

Since 2005, Sohra’s annual rainfall has dropped to between 8,000 mm and 9,000 mm, compared to its earlier average of 11,000 mm. This decline represents a substantial long-term reduction in precipitation levels.

4. What are the key factors behind the falling rainfall in Sohra?

Experts identify multiple reasons behind this decline, including:

• Shifting monsoon patterns and weakened moisture inflow
• Extensive deforestation in and around the hills
• Rising sea surface temperatures in the Bay of Bengal
• Rapid, unregulated urbanisation and land-use changes

Together, these factors have disrupted the region’s delicate microclimate.

5. Is population growth contributing to Sohra’s water crisis?

Yes. Sohra’s population has increased dramatically — from around 7,000 in 1961 to over 70,000 today. This growth has intensified pressure on local springs and freshwater sources, worsening water scarcity despite heavy rainfall.

6. Why is Sohra facing water shortages despite being a high-rainfall area?

Most rain in Sohra falls in short, intense bursts, leading to rapid surface runoff and minimal groundwater recharge. During the dry season, locals rely on diminishing natural springs or pay for tanker-supplied water.

7. What are the proposed solutions to restore water stability in Sohra?

Conservation experts recommend the following steps:

• Reforestation and protection of degraded hill slopes
• Watershed development and rainwater retention initiatives
• Regulation of construction and eco-friendly tourism policies
• Community-driven water harvesting and local water storage projects

8. What is the broader environmental concern beyond just rainfall records?

The main issue is ecological sustainability. If rainfall continues to decline and environmental degradation persists, Sohra could face seasonal uninhabitability and long-term ecosystem damage — threatening livelihoods and tourism.

9. How are authorities responding to this crisis?

The India Meteorological Department (IMD) is monitoring changing monsoon patterns, and local authorities have acknowledged the growing crisis. However, experts stress the need for stronger enforcement of environmental safeguards and sustainable land-use practices.