The issue of maternal mortality in India is currently in the spotlight due to a recent study revealing that the country continues to account for a significant share of global maternal deaths. With approximately 24,700 deaths reported in 2023, this data underscores the need for urgent policy reforms and healthcare improvements to tackle maternal health issues effectively.
This topic is relevant for UPSC Prelims and Mains, particularly under:
A UPSC aspirant should study this topic to understand the ongoing challenges in maternal health and the implications for policy formulation in India.
Maternity care is a crucial aspect of public health, as it directly relates to the wellbeing of mothers and their newborns. The Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) indicates the number of maternal deaths per 1 lakh live births. India has seen a significant decline in MMR from 508 in 1990 to 116 in 2023, yet it still faces persistent challenges, particularly in certain states.
In Prelims, questions may focus on specific statistics, definitions of MMR, and major causes of maternal deaths. In Mains, candidates could be asked to analyze the causes of maternal mortality, discuss the implications of healthcare disparities, and evaluate policy approaches to improve maternal health outcomes.
The relationship between healthcare access and maternal mortality is critical. Lack of timely medical interventions, poor quality of care, and socio-economic disparities contribute to high maternal death rates. Moreover, the Covid-19 pandemic has disrupted maternal healthcare, leading to an increase in preventable deaths. Addressing these concerns is vital for achieving the SDG target and ensuring a healthier future for mothers and children in India.
To improve maternal health outcomes, India must prioritize evidence-based policy interventions and strengthen public health systems. Focused efforts on high-risk populations, enhancing the quality of care, and ensuring equitable access to services will be essential. Sustainable practices in maternal healthcare can help India meet global targets and foster resilience in the healthcare system.
Q1. What is the current Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) in India?
Answer: As of 2023, India's MMR is 116 deaths per 1 lakh live births, reflecting significant progress but ongoing challenges in maternal health.
Q2. What are the major causes of maternal deaths in India?
Answer: Major causes include preventable conditions such as hemorrhage, hypertensive disorders, infections, and complications from pre-existing health issues.
Q3. How has the Covid-19 pandemic impacted maternal healthcare?
Answer: The Covid-19 pandemic disrupted maternal health services, leading to setbacks in care access and an increase in preventable maternal deaths in India.
Q4. Why are regional disparities significant in maternal health?
Answer: Disparities are due to differences in healthcare access, quality of services, and socio-economic conditions across different states in India.
Q5. What is the global SDG target for maternal mortality?
Answer: The global SDG target aims to reduce maternal mortality to below 70 deaths per 1 lakh live births by 2030.
Question 1: What is the current Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) in India?
A) 50 per 1 lakh live births
B) 116 per 1 lakh live births
C) 200 per 1 lakh live births
D) 400 per 1 lakh live births
Correct Answer: B
Question 2: Which of the following is a major cause of maternal mortality in India?
A) Nutritional deficiencies
B) Hemorrhage
C) Genetic disorders
D) Malaria
Correct Answer: B
Question 3: What is the global SDG target for MMR by 2030?
A) Below 50
B) Below 70
C) Below 100
D) Below 120
Correct Answer: B
Question 4: Which states in India are noted for lower maternal mortality?
A) Uttar Pradesh and Bihar
B) Kerala and Tamil Nadu
C) Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan
D) Haryana and Punjab
Correct Answer: B
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