Every year on December 6, India observes Mahaparinirvan Diwas to pay tribute to Dr. Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar, one of the country’s most significant social reformers and the architect of the Indian Constitution. In 2025, this day will mark his 68th death anniversary, commemorated solemnly, particularly at Chaitya Bhoomi in Mumbai, where thousands gather to honor his enduring legacy.
The term “Mahaparinirvan” is rooted in Buddhist philosophy, representing the ultimate liberation from the cycle of birth and death (samsara). It denotes the final nirvana achieved after physical death — a state beyond suffering and rebirth. Dr. Ambedkar, who embraced Buddhism in October 1956 along with over 500,000 followers, is remembered through this term, symbolizing his spiritual and ideological transformation and the profound impact of his final departure on Indian society.
Dr. Ambedkar passed away on December 6, 1956, shortly after converting to Buddhism. This transition was not merely religious but deeply political and philosophical, aimed at rejecting caste oppression and advocating for social equality. Therefore, Mahaparinirvan Diwas reflects both his passing and his spiritual evolution, making it a day of profound remembrance and reflection for millions of Indians, especially in the Dalit and Buddhist communities.
Born on April 14, 1891, in Mhow, Madhya Pradesh, Dr. Ambedkar belonged to a Dalit family and experienced significant discrimination during his childhood. Despite these challenges, he pursued higher education with remarkable success:
Dr. Ambedkar served in various significant capacities:
On October 14, 1956, Dr. Ambedkar converted to Buddhism, initiating the Dalit Buddhist movement. He also authored “The Buddha and His Dhamma,” which serves as a spiritual and socio-political guide.
Dr. Ambedkar was pivotal in framing a Constitution that guarantees equality, liberty, justice, and fraternity. He ensured:
He challenged the caste hierarchy through legal reforms, education, and public discourse. His efforts empowered millions to assert their rights and demand social and economic inclusion.
Ambedkar advocated for:
Chaitya Bhoomi in Mumbai remains the focal point for tributes, with followers from across India and abroad visiting to offer prayers. Events include readings of the Constitution, Buddhist prayers, and discussions on Ambedkarite thought. Schools, colleges, and public institutions conduct seminars and awareness drives focusing on Ambedkar’s teachings and their relevance today.
Q1. What is Mahaparinirvan Diwas?
Answer: Mahaparinirvan Diwas is observed on December 6 to honor Dr. B.R. Ambedkar's legacy, marking his death anniversary and celebrating his contributions to social reform and the Indian Constitution.
Q2. Why did Dr. Ambedkar embrace Buddhism?
Answer: Dr. Ambedkar embraced Buddhism in 1956 to reject caste oppression and promote social equality, which he viewed as essential for the liberation of marginalized communities.
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