Understanding Kerala's Fight Against Antimicrobial Resistance

Kerala's Fight Against Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR)

What is Operation AMRITH?

Operation AMRITH is a government initiative in Kerala designed to eliminate the over-the-counter (OTC) sale of antibiotics without a doctor's prescription. The key components of this initiative include:

• Surprise Raids: Checking pharmacies to ensure compliance with the regulations.
• Enforcement: Taking strict action against pharmacies that sell antibiotics illegally.
• Public Hotline: Providing citizens with a platform to report any violations.

Why is preventing the OTC sale of antibiotics important?

Preventing the overuse and misuse of antibiotics without appropriate medical guidance is crucial, as it significantly contributes to the rise of Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR). When antibiotics are misused, bacteria and other microbes evolve to resist the very drugs intended to combat them.

What is Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR)?

AMR occurs when bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites develop resistance to medications (such as antibiotics and antifungals) designed to eliminate them. This resistance renders these medicines ineffective, making infections increasingly difficult to treat.

Why is AMR a serious global problem?

AMR poses significant challenges worldwide, including:

• Difficult-to-Treat Infections: Infections become harder to cure, resulting in longer durations of illness, increased healthcare costs, and potential fatalities.
• Threat to Modern Medicine: Advanced medical procedures such as surgeries and transplants depend on antibiotics for success. AMR jeopardizes their safety.

Is Kerala the only region addressing AMR?

No, Kerala's efforts are part of India's National Action Plan on AMR and other global initiatives. However, the state is recognized as a leader in this battle due to:

• Early State Action Plan: The Kerala Anti-Microbial Resistance Strategic Action Plan (KARSAP) was launched in 2018.
• Multi-Sector Approach: KARSAP tackles AMR across human health, animal health, and environmental sectors.

What are some other initiatives Kerala has taken to combat AMR?

Kerala has implemented several initiatives, including:

• Antibiotic Literate Kerala Campaign: A program aimed at raising public awareness regarding the responsible use of antibiotics.
• AMR Surveillance: Networks such as KARS-NET monitor patterns of antibiotic resistance.
• Responsible Disposal: The PROUD program facilitates the safe disposal of unused antibiotics.