Makhana, also known as fox nut, is a significant agricultural product in Bihar, contributing to approximately 85% of the world's production. This unique aquatic crop has a rich history in the region and is now undergoing a transformation aimed at enhancing productivity and farmer welfare.
The cultivation of makhana is crucial for Bihar's economy. Traditionally, it was grown in ponds, but a shift to a field-based farming system has emerged. This change has led to increased production and enhanced income for farmers.
In the Union Budget of 2025-26, the government announced the establishment of the Makhana Board. This initiative aims to boost production, improve branding, and ultimately increase farmers' incomes.
The Makhana Board will provide essential training on high-yielding varieties and modern farming practices. This support will help farmers access subsidies and technology, thereby improving productivity and profitability.
In 2022, Mithila Makhana received the Geographical Indication (GI) tag, which enhances its marketability and protects it from counterfeiting. This recognition emphasizes the unique quality associated with this specific region.
Bihar has established over 1,000 Farmer Producer Organisations (FPOs) dedicated to supporting makhana farmers. These organizations facilitate collective marketing and provide access to financial resources, training, and technology.
The area dedicated to makhana cultivation is expected to expand to 70,000 hectares by 2035. With this growth, the seed production is anticipated to double, increasing annual popped makhana production significantly, from 23,000 to 78,000 metric tonnes. This expansion will generate income for farmers and create around 7 million jobs.
The Makhana Board will play a pivotal role in enhancing exports. By improving processing and branding, Bihar aims to increase its share in the global market, particularly in regions like the US, Europe, and the Middle East.
New infrastructure, including airports in Darbhanga and Patna, will support the export of makhana. This development is expected to streamline transportation for both domestic and international markets.
The makhana sector's value is projected to rise dramatically, increasing from ₹550 crore to ₹3,900 crore within five years. The popped makhana market alone is expected to grow from ₹2,000 crore to ₹13,260 crore over the next decade, significantly bolstering Bihar's economy.
The long-term goal is to transform makhana farming into a modern, export-driven industry. With government support and active private sector involvement, the focus will be on sustainable growth for farmers, contributing significantly to Bihar's overall development.
Q1. What is the significance of makhana cultivation in Bihar?
Answer: Makhana is vital for Bihar, accounting for 85% of global production. Its cultivation transition to field systems has increased productivity and farmer incomes.
Q2. Why was the Makhana Board created?
Answer: The Makhana Board was established in the Union Budget 2025-26 to boost production, improve branding, and enhance farmers' incomes through support and training.
Q3. How will the Makhana Board help farmers?
Answer: The board will provide training on high-yield varieties and modern practices, along with access to subsidies and technology to improve productivity and profitability.
Q4. What role does the Geographical Indication (GI) tag play for Mithila Makhana?
Answer: The GI tag ensures the unique quality of Mithila Makhana, enhancing its marketability and protecting it from counterfeits, thus benefiting farmers.
Q5. How does Bihar support makhana farmers?
Answer: Bihar has over 1,000 Farmer Producer Organisations (FPOs) that facilitate marketing, provide financial resources, and offer training to improve cultivation efficiency.
Question 1: What percentage of the world's Makhana production comes from Bihar?
A) 60%
B) 75%
C) 85%
D) 90%
Correct Answer: C
Question 2: In which year was the Makhana Board announced?
A) 2023
B) 2024
C) 2025
D) 2026
Correct Answer: C
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