Scientists from the Zoological Survey of India (ZSI) have decoded the DNA of the Malabar Spiny Tree Mouse (Platacanthomys lasiurus), revealing that it is an ancient species that originated during the Eocene period, around 56–33.9 million years ago.
The Malabar Spiny Tree Mouse is considered a “living fossil” because it has no close relatives in India. DNA analysis confirms that its lineage is distinct from similar-looking rodents found in China and Vietnam, making it a unique evolutionary survivor.
The specimen was collected from the Aralam Wildlife Sanctuary in Kerala and is currently preserved at the ZSI’s Western Regional Centre in Pune.
Habitat loss and deforestation are major threats to this rare species. It is listed as ‘Vulnerable’ by the IUCN and protected under Schedule II of India’s Wildlife (Protection) Act.
Modern DNA-based tools like genetic barcoding help scientists accurately classify species and design targeted conservation strategies. This discovery strengthens efforts to protect rare and evolutionarily significant fauna in India.
The findings highlight that the southern Western Ghats acted as a refuge for ancient species during major geological and climatic changes on Earth, underscoring its importance as a global biodiversity hotspot.
This research emphasizes India’s remarkable but fragile biodiversity and the urgent need to safeguard it through a combination of scientific research, habitat protection, and legal conservation measures.
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