Sacred groves are forest patches preserved by local communities for religious and cultural reasons. People believe these groves are the abodes of deities, spirits, or ancestors. They often contain rare trees, medicinal plants, and endangered wildlife, making them vital ecological sanctuaries.
These groves act as biodiversity hotspots. Many plant and animal species found within them are not found elsewhere. Sacred groves also play a key role in conserving water, preventing soil erosion, and maintaining local climate balance.
Across India, sacred groves are known by different regional names:
Local people followed strict customs and taboos. Cutting trees, hunting animals, or entering groves without rituals was considered sinful. Such beliefs helped communities protect these ecosystems for generations.
Sacred groves may be owned or managed by:
• Article 48A (Directive Principles): The State shall protect and improve the environment and safeguard forests and wildlife.
• Article 51A(g) (Fundamental Duties): Every citizen has a duty to protect and improve the natural environment.
• Article 21 (Right to Life): Interpreted by courts to include the right to a clean and healthy environment.
Sections 18A and 18B empower State governments to declare sacred groves as sanctuaries, even if they are not part of reserve forests. Once notified, these areas gain legal protection under Sections 27 to 33A, which regulate entry, grazing, hunting, and resource use.
No. While some States have included sacred groves in forest records or enacted local regulations, many still lack dedicated legislation. Protection often depends on local community efforts and regional governance structures.
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