Parliamentary oversight is a crucial mechanism through which the legislature ensures that the executive is held accountable. This process is vital to maintaining transparency and involves a variety of actions such as questioning, debating, initiating motions, and involving parliamentary committees to scrutinize government policies and actions.
In a parliamentary democracy, oversight plays a critical role in promoting transparency, accountability, and responsiveness. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar highlighted that while parliamentary systems may sometimes lack stability, they offer greater accountability through continuous questioning, motions, and elections.
In recent years, parliamentary oversight has experienced some weakening. Disruptions during Question Hour due to protests, a focus on isolated issues over systemic scrutiny, the temporary nature of committees, and the lack of debate on committee findings have all contributed to this decline.
Several instances highlight effective legislative scrutiny in India. The Railways Committee's recommendation to waive dividend payments significantly improved financial health. The Transport Committee's efforts led to the removal of third-party insurance caps and the establishment of the National Road Safety Board. Moreover, the Estimates Committee's focus on promoting domestic urea production and the PAC's exposure of financial mismanagement during the 2010 Commonwealth Games are notable examples of successful oversight.
To enhance parliamentary oversight, it is crucial to ensure uninterrupted functioning during Question Hour, diversify and augment expertise in parliamentary committees, and establish follow-up mechanisms to monitor the implementation of laws. Institutionalizing processes that enhance transparency and minimize delays in scrutiny is also essential.
The concept of 'Maximum Governance' focuses on efficiency and the effective delivery of public services. However, without 'Maximum Accountability,' there is a risk of governance becoming opaque. A robust democratic system necessitates a balance where transparency aligns with effectiveness. As the saying goes, "Accountability is the price of power; those who exercise authority must open themselves to scrutiny at every step."
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