The Intricacies of Lie Detection Tests in India

Understanding Lie Detection Tests in India

Lie detection tests are scientific methodologies aimed at uncovering deception by assessing physiological responses. In India, the three predominant types of these tests include:

• Polygraph Test: This method evaluates physiological changes such as heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, and skin conductivity while an individual responds to inquiries.
• Narco-Analysis Test: Here, a subject is given a drug (often sodium pentothal) that diminishes inhibitions, facilitating more open communication.
• Brain Mapping (P300): This technique employs electrodes to track brainwave activity as the subject views images or answers questions pertinent to the crime.

Why are Lie Detection Tests Conducted?

• Criminal Investigations: These assessments aid law enforcement in determining the truthfulness of suspects, witnesses, or accused persons.
• Judicial Orders: Courts may approve these tests to obtain further information when traditional methods fall short.
• High-Profile Cases: In sensitive or notable cases where evidence is scarce, lie detection tests are frequently employed.

How are Lie Detection Tests Conducted?

1. Voluntary Consent: According to Indian law, the administration of these tests necessitates the subject’s consent. The Supreme Court’s ruling in Selvi v. State of Karnataka (2010) emphasizes that these tests cannot be imposed, as it would breach Article 20.
2. Test Administration: The procedure is managed by medical professionals and carried out in a regulated environment. For the polygraph test, sensors are affixed to the body to track physiological responses.
3. Results Interpretation: Collected data is analyzed for inconsistencies in responses that may signify deception.

Legal Status in India

While lie detection tests can serve as investigative instruments, their results are inadmissible as exclusive evidence in court. The Supreme Court has determined that these tests conflict with Article 20(3) of the Indian Constitution, which safeguards against self-incrimination.

Ethical Concerns

• Privacy and Consent: There is ongoing discourse regarding the ethical ramifications of these tests, particularly concerning privacy and possible coercion.
• Reliability: The dependability of these tests is often called into question, as factors such as anxiety or medical conditions may affect results.

For aspiring civil servants, it is crucial to remember: “Truth must be pursued, but justice must always balance the rights and dignity of every individual.”