Hajj is an annual Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca, Saudi Arabia, which every Muslim must undertake at least once in their lifetime if they are physically and financially able. It involves a series of rituals performed over several days.
The 2024 Hajj pilgrimage occurred from the evening of June 14 through June 19.
Between June 14 and 19, 2024, at least 1,301 pilgrims died due to extreme heat, with temperatures exceeding 50°C (122°F), causing heat stroke and dehydration. The highest recorded temperature at the Grand Mosque of Mecca was 51.8°C (125.2°F).
On June 16 alone, at least 2,764 cases of heat-related illnesses, such as heat stroke, were reported.
Unregistered pilgrims lacked access to vital services like air-conditioned buses and cool-off tents, making them more vulnerable to the extreme heat. They had to walk long distances under direct sunlight without adequate shelter.
The main challenge is protecting all pilgrims, including unregistered ones, from life-threatening temperatures. High prices for official Hajj packages drive some Muslims to take unofficial routes, lacking permits and access to crucial services.
Saudi authorities are working on measures to protect all pilgrims, improve access to cooling and medical facilities, and manage the influx of pilgrims. They emphasize the importance of official permits to ensure access to services and safety.
Climate change is causing higher temperatures, making Hajj more dangerous. Studies indicate that heat stroke risk for pilgrims will increase significantly as global temperatures rise.
Hajj and the year-round pilgrimage of Umrah are significant sources of revenue for Saudi Arabia, generating about $12 billion annually. The kingdom aims to expand the number of religious tourists to 30 million by 2030 as part of its economic diversification strategy.
To ensure safety, Saudi Arabia is improving infrastructure, increasing the availability of cooling facilities, and enforcing regulations to manage the number of pilgrims and their access to essential services.
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