The newly identified fish species, Schistura densiclava, is a remarkable addition to the aquatic biodiversity of Meghalaya. This cave-dwelling stone loach was discovered within the Krem Mawjymbuin cave, showcasing its unique adaptability to both subterranean and surface environments.
This intriguing species was unearthed by a dedicated team of zoologists from Gauhati University, Lady Keane College, and the ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, emphasizing the collaborative efforts in exploring and documenting biodiversity.
What sets Schistura densiclava apart from other cave fishes is its retention of functional eyesight and visible pigmentation. While many cave-dwelling species tend to lose these features due to their isolated habitats, this fish demonstrates a unique evolutionary path, thriving in both light and dark environments.
This species was located in a cold, fast-flowing stream approximately 60 metres inside a cave, where the water temperature hovers around 18°C. The cave's environment is characterized by low oxygen levels and the absence of sunlight, creating a unique ecological niche for this fish.
The name ‘densiclava’ is derived from Latin, meaning “dense stripe,” which refers to the striking dark stripes adorning the body of the fish. This nomenclature reflects the distinctive physical traits that aid in identifying the species.
Schistura densiclava primarily feeds on copepods, small shrimp, and insect fragments that are abundant within its cave ecosystem. This diet highlights the intricate food web present in such isolated aquatic environments.
This species exhibits sexual dimorphism; male Schistura densiclava are typically slimmer with noticeable puffy cheeks, whereas females display a more robust form with uniform body markings, showcasing the diversity in physical characteristics between genders.
The discovery of Schistura densiclava is particularly significant as it marks the ninth new fish species identified from Northeast India and the sixth cave-associated species from Meghalaya. This emphasizes the rich and unique biodiversity present in the region, highlighting the importance of conservation efforts.
Despite the protection afforded to this species due to its isolated habitat, Schistura densiclava remains vulnerable to human disturbances. Factors such as tourism and development within cave areas pose significant threats to its survival, necessitating careful management of these delicate ecosystems.
The distinct status of Schistura densiclava was confirmed through DNA sequencing, affirming that it is genetically unique compared to other related species in the region. This scientific validation underscores the importance of genetic research in understanding biodiversity.
In summary, the discovery of Schistura densiclava not only adds to the biodiversity of Meghalaya but also highlights the necessity for ongoing research and conservation efforts to protect such unique species and their habitats.
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